#Thessa powder series
#Thessa powder free

When ΔH > 0 and ΔS > 0, hydrophobic interactions are the main mode of binding. There are 3 sets of conditions for ΔH and ΔS indicating the type of interaction in BSA binding.

#Thessa powder free

These interactions can be described by thermodynamic parameters namely, free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) and hence used to determine the type of binding taking place between the compounds under investigation and BSA. Hydrogen bonding, van der Waals, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions are the main forces of attractions that are involved in the binding of small molecules with BSA.

Thermodynamic parameters and binding forces Moreover, in an attempt to fully exploit the potential application of these compounds, an array of biological and physicochemical properties including critical micelle concentration (CMC), bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding ability, antibacterial activity as well as their cytotoxicity were investigated.Ģ.3.2.

#Thessa powder series

Herein, a series of compounds derivatives containing a combination of useful functionalities such as aromatic, amide moiety, disulfide linkage and long alkyl chains are reported. Another disulfide analogue, the bis-chloro-phenyl disulfide has been reported for its effectiveness as potent anticancer agent with specific target the stabilization of the tumor suppressor, programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4). Ī number of diaryl disulfide Schiff bases has been demonstrated to act as antibacterial and herbicidal agents. For example, amide functionalized molecules are able to form intermolecular hydrogen bonding, causing tighter packing at the air-water interface and at a hydrophobic surface. Addition of other functional groups to the aryl disulfide compounds can influence both their chemical and biological properties. Increase in the length of alkyl chain impacts significantly on the micellization process of molecules by lowering their critical micelle concentration (CMC) values, rendering them more effective in reducing surface water tension. Long alkyl chains in aryl alkyl systems bearing are known to influence their physicochemical properties. Aromatic compounds are well known for their synthetic pathways and for this reason, they are being used extensively in drugs. The development of lead drugs is often base on the introduction of a number of chemical moieties, which produce chemical diversity and influence their properties. Disulfide likages is important for proteins' functionalization and are being extensively used in the design of controlled drug delivery systems (CDDS). There are numerous drugs containing disulfide moiety which are being used to treat medical conditions such as diabetes insipidus and T-cell lymphoma. The overall results obtained show that these disulfides have potent antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus at concentrations which are relatively non-toxic to normal cells.ĭiaryl disulfides form part of one of the most important and widely used compounds by synthetic chemists and are considered among the most momentous structural motifs in chemistry, possessing important functions in pharmaceutics and biologically active compounds. The cytotoxicity of the disulfides towards HaCaT cells decreased from C 8 to C 14. The disulfide with chain length C 10 showed moderate antibacterial activity the highest inhibitory activity against Bacillus cereus. The trend observed in molecular docking is in line with the fluorescence binding studies whereby the C 12 derivative was found to show optimum affinity with BSA. Molecular docking studies showed that the diaryl disulfides displayed greater binding affinity to Trp 213 rather than the Trp 134 residue on the BSA molecule. The thermodynamic parameters of binding indicated that the compounds bound to BSA mostly by van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. An increase in the binding constants (K a) was observed with increasing chain length C 8-C 12, while a decrease in value was obtained with compounds of chain length C 14 and C 16 showing a cut off effect at C 12.

The interactions of compounds with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated in order to study their ability to bind with blood serum protein. In this study, a series of diaryl disulfides with varying alkyl chain length (C 8-C 16) was synthesized and assessed for their physicochemical and biological properties. Disulfide containing compounds are recognized for their wide range of biological properties and are known for their important applications in the pharmaceutical field.